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2025 Vol.41, Issue 6 Preview Page
Effects of Nonliquefiable Crust on Liquefaction-Induced Settlement of Shallow Foundations

표층 비액상화층이 얕은기초 건축물의 액상화 침하 거동에 미치는 영향

Tae-Hun Hwang1
,
Nguyen Quang-Thien-Buu2
,
Dae-Yeong Kim3
,
Sung-Ryul Kim4*
황 태훈1
,
응위엔 부치앙2
,
김 대영3
,
김 성렬4*
1Member, Ph.D Student, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Eng., Seoul National Univ.
2Member, Postdoctoral Researcher, BK21, Education & Research Program for InfraSPHERE, Seoul National Univ.
3Member, Master’s Student, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Eng., Seoul National Univ.
4Member, Prof., Dept. of Civil & Environmental Eng., Seoul National Univ.
1정회원, 서울대학교 건설환경공학부 박사과정
2정회원, 서울대학교 BK21 인프라스피어 교육연구단 박사후연구원
3정회원, 서울대학교 건설환경공학부 석사과정
4정회원, 서울대학교 건설환경공학부 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 223-236
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Abstract

Field observations have shown that a nonliquefiable crust can mitigate liquefaction damage by confining liquefaction to the underlying liquefiable layer. However, the complexity of soil–structure interaction for shallow foundations under multilayered ground conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study evaluated the influence of a nonliquefiable crust on liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations using 1-g shaking table model tests. A three-story, multi-degree-of-freedom superstructure supported by a shallow foundation was employed to capture soil–structure interaction effects. Two ground conditions, without and with a 90-mm-thick nonliquefiable crust, were tested under sinusoidal input motion. Excess pore pressure and settlement time histories were measured in the free field and beneath the foundation and were interpreted in three phases: (1) during shaking, (2) dissipation within the liquefiable layer, and (3) dissipation within the nonliquefiable crust. Experimental results indicated that the nonliquefiable crust reduced total settlement by 63% in the free field and by 40% beneath the shallow foundation. In addition, it shifted the dominant free-field settlement from Phase 1 (during shaking) to Phases 2 and 3 (post-shaking), as additional post-shaking settlement developed within the nonliquefiable crust. In contrast, foundation settlement was governed by shear-induced settlement associated with the superstructure, resulting in most of the settlement occurring during shaking, regardless of the presence of the nonliquefiable crust.

Keywords
1-g shaking table
Liquefaction
Settlement
Shallow foundation
Soil–structure interaction

지표면에 위치한 비액상화층은 지진 시 액상화를 하부의 느슨한 모래층으로 국한하여 피해를 저감한다는 현장 관측이 반복적으로 보고되었다. 또한, 이러한 다층지반 조건에서 얕은기초 건축물의 지반-구조물 상호작용은 더욱 복잡하게 나타난다. 본 연구는 1-g 진동대 모형실험을 통해 표층 비액상화층이 얕은기초 건축물의 액상화 유발 침하에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 얕은기초 3층 구조물을 대상으로, 표층 비액상화층이 없는 경우와 90 mm 두께의 비액상화층이 존재하는 두 조건에 대해 동일한 정현파를 적용하였다. 자유장 및 얕은기초 하부에서 과잉간극수압과 침하를 계측하고, 침하를 (1) 진동 중, (2) 액상화층 소산, (3) 표층 비액상화층 소산의 세 단계로 구분하여 해석하였다. 실험 결과, 표층 비액상화층은 자유장 침하를 63%, 얕은기초 침하를 40% 감소시켰다. 또한, 표층 비액상화층이 존재하는 조건에서는 진동 후 표층 비액상화층의 소산에 의한 추가 침하가 발생함에 따라, 자유장의 주된 침하 시점이 1단계(진동 중)에서 2, 3단계(진동 후)로 전이되었다. 반면, 얕은기초 침하는 지반–구조물 상호작용에 의한 전단 유발 침하가 주된 메커니즘으로 작용하여, 표층 비액상화층의 존재 여부와 무관하게 대부분의 침하는 1단계(진동 중)에서 발생하였다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 41
  • No :6
  • Pages :223-236
  • Received Date : 2025-11-19
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-15
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-22
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2025.41.6.223
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