All Issue

2026 Vol.42, Issue 3 Preview Page
Development of a Magnetic Levitation–Friction Hybrid Isolation System and Evaluation of Its Applicability to Pile-Supported Structures

자기부상-마찰식 하이브리드 면진시스템 개발 및 말뚝지지 구조물 적용성 평가

Jungwon Yun1*
윤 정원1*
1Member, Assistant Research Fellow, Construction Technology Research Division, Land and Housing Research Institute
1정회원, LH토지주택연구원 건설기술연구실 책임연구원
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2026. pp. 89-100
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study proposes a magnetic levitation–friction hybrid isolation system that actively controls frictional resistance by distributing vertical loads through magnetic levitation while preserving the superior energy dissipation capacity of conventional friction-based isolation systems. To investigate the dynamic response of pile-supported structures incorporating the proposed system under seismic loading, a series of shaking table tests was conducted. First, performance evaluation of the hybrid isolation unit demonstrated that increasing the control voltage enhanced the magnetic levitation force, thereby transferring a portion of the vertical load and reducing the frictional resistance at the contact interface. Consequently, the hysteresis loops exhibited a more pronounced parallelogram shape, indicating significantly improved energy dissipation capacity. Subsequently, shaking table tests on a pile-supported structure confirmed that active control through magnetic levitation achieved an additional reduction in acceleration of up to 17% compared with conventional friction-based isolation systems. These findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid isolation system can effectively enhance the seismic performance of pile-supported structures, particularly under high-frequency seismic excitations.

Keywords
Friction pendulum
Hybrid isolation system
Magnetic levitation
Pile-supported structure
Shaking table test

본 연구에서는 마찰형 면진 시스템의 에너지 소산 능력은 유지하면서, 자기부상력을 활용하여 수직하중을 분담함으로써 마찰력을 능동적으로 제어할 수 있는 자기부상-마찰식 하이브리드 면진 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템을 말뚝 두부에 적용하여 지진 시 말뚝지지 구조물의 동적 응답 특성을 규명하고자 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 먼저, 하이브리드 면진 시스템의 진동대 실험 결과, 제어 전압이 증가함에 따라 자기부상력이 수직 하중을 효과적으로 분담하여 접촉면의 마찰 저항을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 이력 곡선이 평행사변형 형태로 변화하여 에너지 소산 능력이 유의미하게 향상됨을 확인하였다. 다음으로, 말뚝지지 구조물의 거동을 평가하기 위한 진동대 실험을 수행한 결과, 전압 제어를 통해 자기부상력을 발생시키는 경우 기존 마찰형 면진 시스템 대비 최대 17%의 추가적인 가속도 저감 효과를 확보할 수 있음을 입증하였다. 이는 본 하이브리드 면진 시스템이 고진동수 대역의 지진 하중 하에서 구조물의 안정성을 개선할 수 있음을 시사한다.

References
1

AASHTO (2010), Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design, 3rd Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., USA.

2

Calhoun, S. J. and Harvey Jr, P. S. (2018), “Enhancing the Teaching of Seismic Isolation Using Additive Manufacturing”, Engineering Structures, Vol.167, pp.494-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.084.

10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.084
3

Chiou, J. S., Chiang, C. H., Yang, H. H., and Hsu, S. Y. (2011), “Developing Fragility Curves for a Pile-supported Wharf”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.31, No.5-6, pp.830-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.011.

10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.011
4

Dao, N. D., Ryan, K. L., and Nguyen‐Van, H. (2019), “Evaluating Simplified Models in Predicting Global Seismic Responses of a Shake Table–test Building Isolated by Triple Friction Pendulum Bearings”, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol.48, No.6, pp.594-610, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3152.

10.1002/eqe.3152
5

Dolce, M., Cardone, D., and Croatto, F. (2005), “Frictional behavior of Steel-PTFE Interfaces for Seismic Isolation”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol.3, No.1, pp.75-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-005-0187-9.

10.1007/s10518-005-0187-9
6

Eröz, M. and DesRoches, R. (2013), “The Influence of Design Parameters on the Response of Bridges Seismically Isolated with the Friction Pendulum System (FPS)”, Engineering Structures, Vol.56, pp.585-599, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.020.

10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.020
7

Iai, S. (1989), “Similitude for Shaking Table Tests on Soil-structure-fluid Model in 1g Gravitational Field”, Soils and Foundations, Vol.29, No.1, pp.105-118, https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.29.105.

10.3208/sandf1972.29.105
8

Kim, Y. J., Huh, Y. C., and Kim, B. H. (2000), “A Study on the Characteristics of Friction Pendulum Isolation Bearing”, Proceedings of EESK Autumn Conference, pp.407-414.

9

Li, B., Fu, C., Liu, G., Wei, W., Duan, J., and Wang, B. (2022), “Influence of Soil‐structure Interaction on the Seismic Response of a Continuous Bridge with Friction Pendulum System”, Shock and Vibration, Vol.2022, No.1, 7046036, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7046036.

10.1155/2022/7046036
10

Lim, H. S. and Jeong, S. S. (2017), “Analysis of Dynamic behavior of a Single Pile in Dry Sand by 1g Shaking Table Tests”, Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol.33, No.7, pp.17-28, https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2017.33.7.17.

10.7843/kgs.2017.33.7.17
11

Mokha, A., Constantinou, M., and Reinhorn, A. (1990), “Teflon Bearings in base Isolation I: Testing”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.116, No.2, pp.438-454, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:2(438).

10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:2(438)
12

Mosqueda, G., Whittaker, A. S., and Fenves, G. L. (2004), “Characterization and Modeling of Friction Pendulum Bearings Subjected to Multiple Components of Excitation”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.130, No.3, pp.433-442, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:3(433).

10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:3(433)
13

Ponzo, F. C., Di Cesare, A., Leccese, G., and Nigro, D. (2017), “Shake Table Testing on Restoring Capability of Double Concave Friction Pendulum Seismic Isolation Systems”, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol.46, No.14, pp.2337-2353, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2907.

10.1002/eqe.2907
14

PIANC (2001), Seismic Design Guidelines for Port Structures, International Navigation Association, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Lisse, Netherlands.

15

Shang, J., Tan, P., Zhang, Y., Han, J., and Qin, J. (2021), “Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Variable Friction Pendulum Isolator”, Engineering Structures, Vol.243, 112575, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112575.

10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112575
16

Son, S. W., Kang, I. G., Pouyan, B., and Kim, J. M. (2018), “Evaluation of Isolation Mechanism of Teflon or Steel Slag-type Seismic Foundation Isolation Systems”, Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol.34, No.1, pp.5-16, https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2018.34.1.5.

10.7843/kgs.2018.34.1.5
17

Yun, J. W. and Han, J. T. (2023), “Evaluation of the Dynamic behavior of Pile Groups Considering the Kinematic Force of the Slope Using Centrifuge Model Tests”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.173, 108106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108106.

10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108106
18

Yun, J. W., Choi, B. H., Ahn, N. K., and Shim, G. Y. (2023), “Performance of Seismically Isolated Pile-supported Structures through 1 g Shaking Table Tests”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, No.9, pp.3836-3847, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0165-2.

10.1007/s12205-023-0165-2
19

Yun, J., Park, G., Kim, B., and Han, J. (2025), “Dynamic behaviour Analyses for a Pile-supported Structure with a MLS through 1g Shaking Table Tests”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.29, No.9, 100205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kscej.2025.100205.

10.1016/j.kscej.2025.100205
20

Yurdakul, M., Ates, S., and Altunisik, A.C. (2014), “Comparison of the Dynamic Responses of Gülburnu Highway Bridge Using Single and Triple Concave Friction Pendulums”, Earthquakes and Structures, Vol.7, No.4, pp.511-525, http://dx.doi.Org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.4.511.

10.12989/eas.2014.7.4.511
21

Zheng, W., Wang, H., Li, J., and Shen, H. (2019), “Performance Evaluation of Bridges Isolated with SMA-based Friction Pendulum System at Low Temperatures”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.125, 105734, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105734.

10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105734
22

Zheng, W. Z., Wang, H., Li, J., and Shen, H. J. (2021), “Parametric Study of SMA-based Friction Pendulum System for Response Control of Bridges under Near-fault Ground Motions”, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol.25, No.8, pp.1494-1512, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2019.1582442.

10.1080/13632469.2019.1582442
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 42
  • No :3
  • Pages :89-100
  • Received Date : 2026-04-28
  • Revised Date : 2026-05-18
  • Accepted Date : 2026-05-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2026.42.3.89
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
Archives
: Vol.23~28 (2007~2012)
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close