All Issue

2026 Vol.42, Issue 1 Preview Page
Evaluation of the Black Ice Prevention Effect of PCM-Mixed Concrete Pavement Through Numerical Simulation

수치해석을 통한 상변화물질(PCM) 혼입 콘크리트 포장의 도로살얼음 예방 효과 분석

Jongki Lee1
,
Gyu-Hyun Go2*
이 종기1
,
고 규현2*
1PhD Student, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Tech.
2Member, Associate Prof., School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Tech.
1비회원, 국립금오공과대학교 건축토목환경공학부 박사과정생
2정회원, 국립금오공과대학교 건축토목환경공학부 부교수
*Corresponding Author
28 February 2026. pp. 167-173
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Black ice—a thin, transparent layer of ice that forms on road surfaces and reduces visibility—is a major cause of winter road accidents. Through numerical analysis, this study evaluated the feasibility of using concrete infused with phase change materials (PCMs) as a road pavement material to reduce black ice formation. PCM-modified concrete specimens were fabricated, and temperature changes in PCM-modified concrete pavement under freezing conditions were measured. The thermal buffering effect was analyzed using the latent heat characteristics of the PCM-modified concrete specimens. Subsequently, a numerical model simulating the phase change behavior of PCMs was developed, and its predictive reliability was verified. Using the verified model, the temperature distribution and freezing area of concrete pavement were analyzed and compared for different PCM mixing ratios. The results indicated that PCM incorporation can substantially delay or reduce road ice formation. These findings suggest that the application of PCM-modified concrete is an effective alternative for reducing black ice formation on winter roads.

Keywords
Black ice
Experiment
Numerical simulation
PCM-Infused concrete

도로살얼음은 도로 표면에 얇고 투명하게 형성되는 얼음층으로 시인성이 낮아 겨울철 대표적인 도로 안전사고의 원인으로 지목되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로살얼음 발생을 저감하기 위한 방안으로, PCM(상변화물질)이 혼입된 콘크리트의 도로 포장재 적용 가능성을 수치해석을 통해 평가하였다. PCM 콘크리트 공시체를 제작하고, 동결 조건에서 PCM 혼입 콘크리트 포장체의 온도 변화를 계측하여 PCM의 잠열 특성을 활용한 열적 완충 효과를 분석하였다. 이후 PCM의 상변화 거동이 반영된 수치해석 모델을 구축하고, 해당 모델의 예측 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 검증된 모델을 활용하여 PCM 혼입율에 따른 콘크리트 포장체의 온도 분포 및 동결 영역을 비교 분석하여 도로살얼음의 발생이 유의미하게 지연되거나 저감되는 효과를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 PCM 혼입 콘크리트의 적용이 겨울철 도로의 도로살얼음 발생을 저감하는 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

References
1

국토교통부, 도로포장 설계 요령, 2025.

2

한국교통안전공단 (2017), 결빙도로 제동거리 실험 결과 발표자료, 한국교통안전공단 보도자료, 2017년 12월. Available at: https://www.cstimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=324711 [Accessed June 30, 2025].

3

한국도로공사도로교통연구원, 동절기 도로안전을 위한 노면관리방안, 연구보고서, 2016.

4

한국도로공사도로교통연구원, 동절기 어는비 예보모델 고도화, 실용화소과제연구보고서, 2017.

5

한국아스팔트학회, 결빙방지포장의 장기효과 분석 및 내구성 평가 연구 용역 보고서, 2022.

6

Hawlader, M. N. A., Uddin, M. S., and Khin, M. M. (2003), “Microencapsulated PCM Thermal-Energy Storage System”, Appl. Energy, Vol.74, No.1-2, pp.195-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00146-0.

10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00146-0
7

Kim, S.-J., Yoon, W.-S., and Kim, Y.-K. (2021), “Characteristics of Black Ice Using Thermal Imaging Camera”, J. Korean Soc. Ind. Converg., Vol.24, No.6, pp.873-882, https://doi.org/10.21289/KSIC.2021.24.6.873.

10.21289/KSIC.2021.24.6.873
8

Lee, H.-S. and Kim, J.-S. (2012), “Energy Saving PCM Cement and Concrete Technology”, Technical Report, pp.56-63.

9

Liu, D., Li, J., and Wang, Y. (2022), “Numerical Simulation on Anti-freezing Performance of PCM-Clay in Core Wall during Winter Construction”, Appl. Therm. Eng., Vol.215, pp.118951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118951.

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118951
10

Phan, M. T., Park, D.-W., and Kim, H.-S. (2020), “Simulation on Heat Transfer of Phase Change Material Modified Asphalt Concrete for Delaying Black Ice Formation”, Int. J. Highw. Eng., Vol.22, No.6, pp.35-43. https://doi.org/10.7855/IJHE.2020.22.6.035.

10.7855/IJHE.2020.22.6.035
11

Ng, C. W. W., Kravchenko, E., Li, Z., et al. (2024), “Volumetric Behaviour of Soil Mixed with Phase Change Materials”, Acta Geotech., Vol.19, pp.2715-2730, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-02064-3.

10.1007/s11440-023-02064-3
12

Tyagi, V. V. and Buddhi, D. P. C. M. (2007), “PCM Thermal Storage in Buildings: A State of Art”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., Vol.11, No.6, pp.1146-1166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.10.002.

10.1016/j.rser.2005.10.002
13

Woo, H.-J., Go, G.-H., Lee, J.-M., and Kim, S.-K. (2025), “Numerical Analysis Study on the Reduction of Frost Penetration Behind Retaining Walls Using PCM-infused Mortar Panels”, J. Kor. Geotech. Soc., Vol.41, No.4, pp.31-39, https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2025.41.4.31.

10.7843/kgs.2025.41.4.31
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 42
  • No :1
  • Pages :167-173
  • Received Date : 2026-02-05
  • Revised Date : 2026-02-23
  • Accepted Date : 2026-02-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2026.42.1.167
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
Archives
: Vol.23~28 (2007~2012)
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close