All Issue

2015 Vol.31, Issue 10
Estimation of LRFD Resistance Bias Factors for Pullout Resistance of Soil-Nailing

쏘일네일링의 인발저항에 대한 LRFD 저항편향계수 산정

Byeong-Doo Son1
,
Heui-Dae Lim2
,
Joon-Mo Park3*
손 병두1
,
임 희대2
,
박 준모3*
1Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Chungnam Univ.
2Prof., Dept. of Civil Engrg., Chungnam Univ.
3Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil and Environmetal Engrg., Dongguk Univ.
1충남대학교 토목공학과 박사과정
2충남대학교 토목공학과 교수
3동국대학교 건설환경공학과 전문연구원
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
31 October 2015. pp. 5-16
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Considering the conversion of the Korea Construction Standards to Limit State Design (LSD), we analyzed the resistance bias factor for pullout resistance, as a part of the development of the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for soil nailing; very few studies have been conducted on soil nailing. In order to reflect the local characteristics of soil nailing, such as the design and construction level, we collected statistics on pullout tests conducted on slopes and excavation construction sites around the country. In this study a database was built based on the geotechnical properties, soil nailing specifications, and pullout test results. The resistance bias factors are calculated to determine the resistance factor of the pullout resistance for gravity and pressurized grouting method, which are the most commonly used methods in Korea; moreover, we have relatively sufficient data on these methods. We found the resistance bias factors to be 1.144 and 1.325, which are relatively conservative values for predicting the actual ultimate pullout resistance. It showed that our designs are safer than those found in a research case in the United States (NCHRP Report); however, there was an uncertainty, , of 0.27-0.43 in the pullout resistance, which is relatively high. In addition, the pressurized grouting method has a greater margin of safety than the gravity grouting method, and the actual ultimate pullout resistance determined using the pressurized grouting method has low uncertainty.

Keywords
Soil nailing
Load and Resistance Factor Design
Pullout test
Ultimate pullout resistance
Resistance bias factor

본 연구에서는 국가건설기준이 한계상태설계법으로 전환됨에 따라 현재 연구기반이 미약한 쏘일네일링의 LRFD 설계법 개발의 일환으로 인발저항에 대한 저항편향계수를 분석하였다. 쏘일네일링의 설계 및 시공 기술수준 등 지역적 특성을 반영하기 위하여 국내 비탈면과 굴착공사에서 수행된 인발시험 자료를 수집하고, 지반특성, 쏘일네일의 제원, 인발시험 결과 등으로 구성된 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 쏘일네일링의 인발저항에 대한 저항계수를 보정하기 위하여 국내에서 가장 많이 이용되며 비교적 자료수가 충분한 중력식과 가압식 그라우팅공법의 인발저항에 대한 저항편향계수를 산정하였다. 저항편향계수는 1.144～1.325으로 실제 극한인발저항력을 비교적 보수적으로 예측하고 있으며 미국의 연구사례(NCHRP Report)보다 안전측으로 설계가 이루어지고 있으나, 인발저항력에 대한 불확실성은 =0.27～0.43으로 비교적 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가압식 그라우팅공법은 중력식 그라우팅공법에 비해 내재된 안전여유가 많으며, 실제 발휘되는 극한인발저항력의 불확실성이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다.

References
1
1.AASHTO (2002). LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 2nd Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.
2
2.Barker, R. M., Duncan, J. M., Rojiani, K. B., Ooi, P. S. K., Tan, C. K., and Kim, S. G. (1991), NCHRP Report 343: Manuals for the design of bridge foundations, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC., p.A-27.
3
3.Byrne, R. J., Cotton, D., Porterfield, J., Wolschlag, C., and Ueblacker, G. (1998), Manual for Design and Construction Monitoring of Soil Nail Wall, FHWA-SA-96-069R, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
4
4.CLOUTERRE (1993), Recommandations CLOUTERRE 1991-Soil Nailing Recommendations 1991, English Translation, Presses de l’Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, France.
5
5.Elias, V. and Juran, I. (1988), Manual of Practice for Soil Nailing, Preliminary draft, USA DTp, FHA Contract DTFH-61-85-C-00142.
6
6.Elias, V. and Juran, I. (1991), Soil Nailing for Stabilization of Highway Slopes and Excavations, Publication FHWA-RD-89-198, Federal Highway Administration, Washington D.C.
7
7.FHWA (2001), Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for Highway Bridge Substructures, Reference Manual and Participant Workbook, NHI Course No. 132068, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
8
8.Gassler, G. and Gudehus, G. (1981), “Soil Nailing-some Aspect of a New Technique”, Proceedings of Xth ICMSFE, Stockholm, pp.665-670.
9
9.Guiloux, A. and Schlosser, F. (1984), “Soilnailing, Practical Application”, Symposium on Soil and Rock Improvement Techniques, Geotextiles, Reinforcement Earth and Modern Piling Methods, Bangkok.
10
10.Juran, I., G. Baudrand, K. Farrag, and V. Elias (1990), “Kinematical Limit Analysis for Design of Nailed Structures”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.116, No.1, pp.54-72.
11
11.KHC (2003), Guideline of Pullout Test for Slope Reinforcement Anchor and Nail, Korea Highway Corporation, South Korea, pp.4-19.
12
12.KISTEC (2014), Construction Slope Reinforcement Anchor and Nail Designs Commentary, Korea Infrastructures Safety Coperation, South Korea, pp.17-38.
13
13.Lazarte, C. A., Elias, V., Espinoza, D. R., Paul, P. E., and Sabatini, P. J. (2003), Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 7 - Soil Nail Walls, FHWA-IF-03-017, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., pp.63-151.
14
14.Lazarte, C. A. (2011), NCHRP Report 701: Proposed specifications for LRFD soil-nailing design and construction, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC., p.54.
15
15.MLTMA (2011a), Design Standards for Slope in Construction, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, South Korea,  pp.41-46.
16
16.MLTMA (2011b), Standard Specifications for Slope in Construction, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, South Korea, pp.71-80.
17
17.Nowak, A. S. (1999), NCHRP Report 368: Calibration of LRFD Bridge Design Code, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
18
18.Paikowsky, S. G., Canniff, M. C., Lesny, K., Kisse, A., Amatya, S., and Muganga, R. (2010), NCHRP Report 651: LRFD design and construction of shallow foundations for highway bridge structures, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC., pp.61-66.
19
19.Porterfield, J. A., Cotton, D. M., and Byrne, J. (1994), Soil Nailing Field Inspectors Manual-Soil Nail Walls, FHWA-SA-93-068, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
20
20.Schlosser, F. (1983), “Analogies et difference dan le component et le calcul des ourages de soutenement en terre armee et par clouage du sol”, Sols et Fondations 184, Annales ITBTP, no.418, pp.8-23.
21
21.Shen, C. K., Bang, S., and Hermann, L. R. (1981), “Ground Movement Analysis of Earth Support System”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol.107, No.GT12, pp.1609-1624.
22
22.Stocker, M. F., Korber, G. W., Gassler, G., and Gudehus, G. (1979), “Soil Nailing”, International Conference on Soil Reinforcement: Reinforced Earth and other Techniques, Paris, pp.469-474.
23
23.JHPC (2002), Design and Construction Guidelines for Reinforced Soil Structures, Japan Highway public Corporation, Japan Road Association.
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 31
  • No :10
  • Pages :5-16
  • Received Date : 2015-08-07
  • Revised Date : 2015-09-16
  • Accepted Date : 2015-09-16
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2015.31.10.5
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
Archives
: Vol.23~28 (2007~2012)
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close