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A Hydraulic Conductivity Model Considering the Infiltration Characteristics Near Saturation in Unsaturated Slopes

불포화 사면의 포화 부근 침투 특성을 고려한 수리전도도 모델

Se-Boong Oh1*
,
Ki-Hun Park2
,
Jun-Woo Kim3
오 세붕1*
,
박 기훈2
,
김 준우3
1Prof., Dept. of Civil Engrg., Yeungnam Univ.
2Dodam Engrg.
3Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Yeungnam Univ.
1영남대학교 건설시스템공학과 교수
2도담엔지니어링
3영남대학교 건설시스템공학과 석사과정
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
31 January 2014. pp. 37-47
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Abstract

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) is integrated theoretically from soil water retention curves (SWRC) by Mualem capillary model, but the prediction of HC is extremely sensitive to small variation of matric suction near saturation. Near saturation, the Mualem HC based on smooth SWRC decreases abruptly and has problems in the reliability of hydraulic behavior and the stability of numerical solutions. To improve van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) HC, the van Genuchten SWRC model is modified within range of low matric suction (arbitrary air entry pressure). At an arbitrary air entry pressure, the VG SWRC is linearized in log scale until full saturation. The modified VG SWRC does not affect the fit of actual retention behavior and either the parameters of original VG SWRC fit. Using the modified VG SWRC, the VGM HC is modified to integrate for each interval decomposed by arbitrary air entry pressure. An analytical solution on modified VGM HC is proposed each interval, to protect the rapid change in HC near saturation. For silty soils, VGM models of HC function underestimate the unsaturated permeability characteristics and especially show rapid reduction near saturation. The modified VGM model predicts more accurate HC functions for Korean weathered soils. Furthermore, near saturation, the saturated HC is conserved by the modified VGM model. After 2-D infiltration analysis of an actual slope, the hydraulic behaviors are compared for VGM and the modified models. The prediction by the proposed model conserved the convergence of solutions on various rainfall conditions. However, the solution by VGM model did not converge since the conductivity near saturation reduced abruptly for heavy rainfall condition. Using VGM model, the factor of safety is overestimated in both initial and final stage during heavy rainfall. Stability analysis based on infiltration analysis could simulate the actual slope failure by the proposed model on HC.

Keywords
Soil water retention curves
Hydraulic conductivity
Unsaturated soils

불포화 수리전도도는 Mualem 모세관 모델에 의하여 이론적으로 함수특성곡선으로부터 적분된다. 하지만 예측된 수리전도도는 포화 부근에서 모관흡수력의 미소한 변화에도 극도로 민감하다. 원활한 형태의 함수특성곡선에 의한 Mualem 수리전도도는 포화 부근에서 급격하게 감소하며, 수리적 거동을 신뢰할 수 있게 모델하지 못하거나 수치 해의 안정성을 저해한다. van Genuchten- Mualem(VGM) 수리전도도를 개선하기 위하여, 낮은 모관흡수력 수준에 있는 임의의 공기함입치이내에서 van Genuchten 함수특성곡선을 수정하였다. 수정 VG 곡선은 대수축에서 임의의 공기함입치에서 포화상태까지 선형화된다. 수정 VG 함수특성곡선은 실제 함수특성거동의 회귀분석에 영향을 끼치지 않으며 원래의 VG 함수특성곡선의 계수를 그대로 사용한다. 수정 VG 곡선을 이용하여, VGM 수리전도도는 임의의 공기합입치를 기준으로 구간별 적분하여 수정되었다. 수정 VGM 수리전도도가 해석적 해로 제안되었으며, 포화부근 영역에서 수리전도도가 급격하게 감소하는 현상이 제거되었다. 실제 사면의 2차원 침투해석을 통하여 VGM 수리전도도와 제안된 모델에 따른 수리거동을 비교하였다. 제안된 모델은 여러 강우조건에 따른 해의 수렴성을 확보하였지만, VGM 수리전도도를 적용하면, 포화부근의 수리전도도가 급격하게 감소하여 강우량이 많은 경우 해가 수렴하지 않았다. 특히 선행강우에 의한 초기 안전율과 집중강우 후 최종 안전율을 크게 평가할 수 있었다. 제안된 수리전도도 모델은 침투해석과 안정해석을 통하여 실제 사면의 붕괴를 재현할 수 있었다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 30
  • No :1
  • Pages :37-47
  • Received Date : 2013-10-08
  • Revised Date : 2013-12-19
  • Accepted Date : 2013-12-20
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2014.30.1.37
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