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2025 Vol.41, Issue 6 Preview Page
Evaluation of Seismic Collapse Behavior of an Embankment Slope Using a 1 g Shaking Table

1g 진동대를 활용한 지진 발생 시 성토 사면의 붕괴 특성 평가

Sugeun Jeong1
,
Hoyeon Kim2
,
Daehyeon Kim3*
정 수근1
,
김 호연2
,
김 대현3*
1Member, Chosun Univ.
2Member, Myeongdong Engineering
3Member, Prof., Dept. Civil Engineering, Chosun Univ.
1정회원, 조선대학교 박사과정
2정회원, (주)명동엔지니어링 과
3정회원, 조선대학교 토목공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 155-166
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Abstract

Seismic design of slope ground is commonly performed using simplified approaches such as pseudo-static analysis. However, these methods have limitations in accurately reproducing actual field behavior during earthquakes. To address these limitations, seismic intensity measures have been proposed to quantify ground motion characteristics related to damage, including energy and duration. Despite their usefulness, such indices are difficult to evaluate accurately using field observations or simplified analysis methods and may not fully represent the energy involved in actual slope collapse. In this study, a full-scale 1:1 embankment slope model was constructed and tested using a 1 g shaking table. By applying controlled seismic excitation, the influence of various seismic intensity measures on slope behavior was examined by comparing their values at the onset of cracking and collapse. Based on measured accelerations, Arias intensity (ARI), Cumulative absolute (CAV), Vibration dose value (VDV), and Root mean square acceleration (Arms) were selected and analyzed. Under input ground motions of 10 Hz at 0.2 g and 0.28 g, only cracking occurred, whereas clear collapse was observed at 10 Hz and 0.3 g and at 20 Hz and 0.4 g. Minor surface cracks were found to have limited influence on slope behavior and seismic response measures. Among the evaluated indices, ARI and VDV showed clear sensitivity to both cracking and collapse, while CAV and Arms exhibited relatively minor changes. These results indicate that ARI and VDV most effectively reflect embankment slope damage.

Keywords
1g shaking table
Arias Intensity
Cumulative absolute Velocity
Model ground
Seismic intensity measure

사면 지반의 내진설계는 대부분의 실무자들이 유사 정적 해석과 같은 단순화한 방법으로 설계를 진행해왔다. 하지만 이러한 단순화된 방법은 실제 현장 조건을 완벽히 재현하는데 많은 한계가 존재한다. 이러한 한계들을 지진 강도 지표(Seismic intensity measure)를 통해 지반운동의 세기를 수치화해 손상 가능성에 대하여 설명하고 예측하기 위한 지표들을 꾸준히 연구해 왔다. 이러한 지표는 지진 발생 시 지반운동의 에너지, 지속시간과 같은 성분들을 정량적으로 표시할 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 수치들도 실제 현장에서의 관측의 어려움과 유사 정적과 같은 해석의 해석 방법으로는 실제 붕괴 시 발생하는 지진 에너지에 대해 정밀하게 나타내는 데에는 많은 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 1g 진동대에서 조성한 1:1 모형 성토사면을 대상으로, 입력 지진동 조건 변화에 따른 사면의 균열 및 붕괴 시 지진 강도 지표의 관계를 분석하였다. 입력 지진동은 10Hz 0.2g, 0.28g, 0.3g 및 20Hz 0.4g의 정현파로 구성하였으며, 계측 가속도를 이용해 Arias intensity(ARI), Cumulative absolute(CAV), Vibration dose value(VDV), Root mean square acceleration(Arms)를 산정하여 시간 이력으로 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 10Hz 0.2와 0.28g에서는 사면 표면에 미세한 균열만 발생하여 가속도 및 지진 강도 지표의 변화가 제한적으로 나타났다. 반면 10Hz 0.3g와 20Hz 0.4g에서는 사면에 뚜렷한 붕괴가 발생하였고, 이 시점에서 가속도 진폭이 급격히 증가하였다. 특히 ARI와 VDV는 균열과 붕괴 발생 시점에 민감하게 반응하여 CAV와 Arms에 비해 사면의 손상 정도를 더 명확히 반영하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 성토사면의 실험적 붕괴 특성 평가 및 지진 재해 위험성 검토 시 ARI와 VDV를 우선적인 지진 강도 지표로 활용할 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 판단된다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 41
  • No :6
  • Pages :155-166
  • Received Date : 2025-11-14
  • Revised Date : 2025-11-24
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-26
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2025.41.6.155
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