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2026 Vol.42, Issue 4 Preview Page
Effects of Rubble Mound Presence on Earthquake Ground Motion Amplification at Embankments: Geotechnical Centrifuge Experiments

원심모형실험을 활용한 제방 구조물의 사석 재료 유무에 따른 지진지반운동 증폭 평가

Dong-Hyeong Choi1
,
Tae-Hyuk Kwon2*
,
Duhee Park3
,
Dong-Hoon Shin4
,
Wonyeop Baek5
,
Sang Ok Jeon6
최 동형1
,
권 태혁2*
,
박 두희3
,
신 동훈4
,
백 원엽5
,
전 상옥6
1Member, Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST
2Member, Prof., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST
3Member, Prof., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang Univ.
4Member, Director, Technical Service & Consulting Ltd.
5Principal Researcher, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Rural Research Institute
6Member, Director, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Rural Research Institute
1정회원, 한국과학기술원 건설및환경공학과 박사후연구원
2정회원, 한국과학기술원 건설및환경공학과 교수
3정회원, 한양대학교 건설및환경공학과 교수
4정회원, TSC(주) 연구소장
5비회원, 한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원 수석연구원
6정회원, 한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원 부장
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2026. pp. 157-178
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Abstract

Rubble mound zones composed of coarse granular material are widely used in embankments and fill dams, yet their influence on seismic ground motion amplification remains poorly quantified. In this study, dynamic centrifuge experiments were conducted on two embankment–foundation models with identical geometry: one homogeneous and one containing a rubble mound zone. Both models were subjected to three earthquake motions of varying intensity, and the measurements were compared with one-dimensional (1D) equivalent-linear site-response analyses. The rubble mound substantially altered the local response: the peak ratio of response spectra (RRS) increased from 2.6 to 4.5 at the base boundary between the mound and the foundation, whereas it decreased from 4.6–5.7 to 2.7–2.9 (ratio of 0.50–0.63) within the near-surface interior of the mound under all three motions. In contrast, the periods of peak RRS varied with the input motion, indicating that the localized response was governed not by narrow-band trapped-wave resonance but by broadband material and boundary effects, consistent with the small boundary reflection coefficients (−0.04 to −0.33). The crest edges also exhibited oppositely skewed responses independent of the input-motion skewness. The 1D analyses matched the measurements at depth but underpredicted the near-crest responses and overestimated the predominant period, demonstrating that multidimensional approaches are needed to capture localized rubble-mound effects.

Keywords
Centrifuge
Earthquake ground motion amplification
Impedance contrast
Rubble mound
Site response analysis

제방·필댐·방조제는 세립 코어·기초지반과 조립 사석 쉘로 존을 구분해 축조되며, 이때 형성되는 재료 경계는 지진파의 반사·산란을 통해 국부 응답을 변화시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 동일한 기하 형상을 갖되 사석 구역의 유무만 다른 두 제방-기초지반 모형에 대해 세 종류의 입력 지진파로 동적 원심모형실험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 1차원 등가선형 지반응답해석과 비교하였다. 사석 구역은 국부 응답을 크게 변화시켰다. 사석 구역 하부의 기초지반 경계면에서는 최대 응답 스펙트럼 비(RRS)가 2.6에서 4.5로 증가한 반면, 사석 둔덕 내부 천부에서는 세 입력 모두에서 4.6~5.7이 2.7~2.9로 감소하였고(비 0.50~0.63), 감소 폭은 둔덕 바닥에 가까울수록 작아졌다. 반면 최대 RRS의 발생 주기는 입력 지진파에 따라 달라져, 이 국부 응답이 사석 구역에 갇힌 파의 좁은 대역 공진이 아니라 넓은 주기 대역의 재료·경계 효과에서 비롯됨을 보여주었으며, 이는 작은 경계 반사계수(-0.04~-0.33)와도 부합한다. 또한 마루 동일 심도의 양 가장자리는 입력 왜도와 무관하게 서로 반대 방향의 비대칭 응답(비대칭비 1.59~2.04 대 0.53~0.85)을 보여, 마루부 2차원 파동장의 국부적 간섭·회절에 의한 것임을 확인하였다. 1차원 해석은 심부에서는 실험과 잘 일치하였으나, 마루·경계면 인근에서는 스펙트럼 가속도와 아리아스 진도를 과소예측하고 탁월주기를 실험(0.25~0.3초)보다 긴 0.41~0.45초로 산정하였다. 이는 사석 구역을 포함한 제방 구조물의 내진 성능 평가에 2·3차원 접근이 필요함을 보여준다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 42
  • No :4
  • Pages :157-178
  • Received Date : 2026-07-15
  • Revised Date : 2026-08-13
  • Accepted Date : 2026-08-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2026.42.4.157
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