All Issue

2025 Vol.41, Issue 5 Preview Page
Analysis of Physical and Consolidation Characteristics of Dredged-Reclaimed Clayey Soils Based on Organic Matter Content

유기물 함량에 따른 준설매립 점토지반의 물성 및 압밀 특성 분석

Young-Ho Moon1
,
Yoohyeon Kim2
,
Hoon Song3
,
Jongchan Kim4
,
Yun-Tae Kim5*
문 영호1
,
김 유현2
,
송 훈3
,
김 종찬4
,
김 윤태5*
1Graduate Student, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National Univ.
2Graduate Student, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National Univ.
3Graduate Student, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National Univ.
4Member, Assistant Prof., Major. of Civil Engineering, Division of Sustainable Engineering Pukyong National Univ.
5Member, Profe., Dept. of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National Univ.
1비회원, 부경대학교 해양공학과 박사과정
2비회원, 부경대학교 해양공학과 석사과정
3비회원, 부경대학교 해양공학과 박사과정
4정회원, 부경대학교 지속가능공학부 토목공학전공 조교수
5정회원, 부경대학교 해양공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2025. pp. 177-187
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study experimentally investigated the effects of organic matter (OM) content on the geotechnical and consolidation properties of dredged-reclaimed clay obtained from the ○○ port reclamation site in South Korea. Clay specimens were prepared with varying OM contents of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 24% and subjected to physical property tests (specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index) as well as one-dimensional consolidation tests (primary and secondary compression). The results indicated that an increase in OM content led to a decrease in specific gravity and a notable increase in both liquid and plastic limits. According to Casagrande’s plasticity chart, clay with 0%–8% OM was classified as CL (low-plasticity inorganic clay), whereas clay with ≥ 12% OM shifted to ML, OL, or OH zones, reflecting a significant increase in compressibility and plasticity. Consolidation test results showed a linear increase in both the compression index (Cc) and the secondary compression index (Cα) with increasing OM content. Notably, Cα values exceeded those reported in previous literature, indicating a high susceptibility to long-term settlement due to microstructural rearrangement and volumetric collapse associated with OM decomposition. Long-term secondary settlements for clay deposits of 30-m and 40-m thickness, with a field OM content of approximately 7.2%, would surpass the allowable residual settlement threshold (10 cm) within 6–8 years and 3–5 years, respectively. These findings underscore the critical role of OM in the long-term behavior of dredged-reclaimed soils and serve as important design data for smart port infrastructure constructed on high-OM ground.

Keywords
Consolidation characteristic
Dredged-reclaimed clay
Organic matter content
Physical properties
Settlement

본 연구는 ○○항만에서 채취한 준설매립 점토를 대상으로 유기물 함량이 지반의 물성 및 압밀 특성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 규명하고자 수행되었다. 유기물 함량을 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 24%로 조절하여 시료를 제작하고, 물성 시험(비중, 액성한계, 소성한계, 소성도) 및 압밀 시험(일차 및 장기 압밀)을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 유기물 함량이 증가할수록 입자 비중은 감소하고, 액성한계 및 소성한계는 뚜렷하게 증가하였다. 소성도표 분석 결과, 유기물 함량 0–8% 시료는 CL(무기질 저소성 점토) 영역에 분포하였으며, 12% 이상인 시료는 ML, OL, OH 등으로 분류되어 유기물이 흙의 소성과 압축성을 증가시키는 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 압밀 시험 결과, 유기물 함량이 증가할수록 압축지수(Cc) 및 이차압축지수(Cα)가 선형적으로 증가하였고, 특히 이차압축지수의 증가폭은 기존 문헌보다 크게 나타나 장기 압밀 침하에 대한 민감도가 높음을 보여주었다. 이를 바탕으로 점토층의 이차압축 침하량을 예측한 결과, 실제 유기물 함량(약 7.2%) 조건에서 점토층이 30m 이상일 경우 6-8년 안에, 40m 이상일 경우 3-5년 안에 허용 침하량(10cm)을 초과할 가능성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 준설매립지의 유기물 함량이 지반 안정성과 장기 침하 거동에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 제시하였으며, 스마트항만 등 고정밀 기반시설 설계 시 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

References
1

Amar, M., Benzerzour, M., Kleib, J., and Abriak, N.E. (2021), “From Dredged Sediment to Supplementary Cementitious Material: Characterization, Treatment, and Reuse”, International Journal of Sediment Research, Vol.36, Issue 1, 2021, pp.92-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.06.002.

10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.06.002
2

Casagrande, A. (1932), “Research on the Atterberg Limits of Soil”, Public Roads, Vol.13, No.8, pp.121-136.

3

Choi, B.R. and Lee, T.Y. (2011), “Composition Analysis of Busan Port Sediments and Estimation of Methane Generation Potential”, Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society, Vol.12, No.5, pp.37-42.

4

Develioglu, I. and Pulat, H.F. (2019), “Compressibility Behaviour of Natural and Stabilized Dredged Soils in Different Organic Matter Contents”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.228, 116787, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116787.

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116787
5

Dredged Reclamation Technology Committee (2006), Research and Technological Trends in Dredged Reclamation, Korean Geotechnical Engineering History, p.326.

6

Gui, Y., Zhang, Q., Qin, X., and Wang, J. (2021), “Influence of Organic Matter Content on Engineering Properties of Clays”, Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol.2021, pp.11, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6654121.

10.1155/2021/6654121
7

Hameedi, M.K., Omari, R.R.A., and Fattah, M.Y. (2020), Compression and Creep Indices of Organic Clayey Soil, IOP Conf. Series:Materials Science and Engineering 671, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/671/1/012035.

10.1088/1757-899X/671/1/012035
8

Hamid, T.B., P.E., and Paul E. Burkart, P.E. (2010), “Settlement Behavior of Compacted Soils Containing A Small Amount of Organic Matter”, GeoFlorida, pp.608-617, https://doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)58.

10.1061/41095(365)58
9

Hamouche, F. and Zentar, F. (2018), “Effects of Organic Matter on Physical Properties of Dredged Marine Sediments”, Waste Biomass Valor, 11, pp.389-401, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0387-6.

10.1007/s12649-018-0387-6
10

Huang, W.F., Ruan, Z.J., Song, D.B., Wang, D.L., and Cheng, M.Y. (2025), Experimental Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Re-cemented Clay, Acta Geotech, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-025-02669-w.

10.1007/s11440-025-02669-w
11

Hyeon, S.M., Choi, J.W., Choi, J.S., and Lee, T.H. (2003), “Surface Sediment Characteristics and Benthic Environments in the Mouth of Jinhae Bay, Korea”, Korea Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol.36, No.6, pp.700-707.

10.5657/kfas.2003.36.6.700
12

Kang, G.O., Tsuchida, T., and Kim, Y.S. (2017), “Strength and Stiffness of Cement-Treated Marine Dredged Clay at Various Curing Stages”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.132, pp.71-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.124.

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.124
13

Kifae, A.A. and Hamad, M.A. (2017), “Inspecting the Effects of Organic Content on Compaction and Consolidation Characteristics of Organic Soil Models”, American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), Vol.31, No.1, pp.109-123.

14

Korea Land and Housing Corporation (2023), Guidelines for Settlement and Stability Management of Soft Ground.

15

Lee, S.W., Gu, B.H., Choi, C.S., and Lee, J.H. (2015), “The Characteristics of Sedimentation-consolidation and Surface Strength for Dredging and Landfill Areas in Each Coast”, Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol.16, No.7, pp.15-22.

10.14481/jkges.2015.16.7.15
16

Little, D.N. (1995), Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Courses with Lime, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp.244.

17

Maher, A. and Jafari, F. (2012), The Processing and Beneficial Use of Fine-Grained Dredged Material A Manual for Engineers, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, pp.26.

18

McVay, M.C. and Nugyen, D. (2004), EVALUATION OF EMBANKMENT DISTRESS AT SANDER'S CREEK – SR20, National Academies, pp.193.

19

Mersi, G. and Castro, A. (1987), “The Ca/Cc Concept and Ko During Secondary Compression”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.113, No.GT3, pp.230-247, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1987)113:3(230).

10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1987)113:3(230)
20

Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (2012), Road Design Manual-Earthworks and Drainage.

21

Minor, E.C., Swenson, M.M., Mattson, B.M., and Oyler, A.R. (2014), “Structural Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter: A Review of Current Techniques for Isolation and Analysis”, Royal Society of Chemistry, Vol.16, pp.2064-2079, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EM00062E.

10.1039/C4EM00062E
22

Nguyen, H.V.M., Lee, D.H., Lee, H.S., and Shin, H.S. (2022), “Structural Characteristics of Sediment Humins from South Korean Lakes and their Phenanthrene Binding Compared to Other Carbon Sources”, Environmental Research, Vol.211, 113037, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113037.

10.1016/j.envres.2022.113037
23

Oliveria, P.J.V. and Reis, M.J.F.C.C. (2023), “Effect of the Organic Matter Content on the Mechanical Properties of Soils Stabilized with Xanthan Gum”, MDPI, Vol.13, No.8, 1487, https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084787.

10.3390/app13084787
24

Park, H.G. and Gu, J.M. (2001), “A Study on the Engineering Characteristics of Yang-Dong Organic Soils”, Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol.2, No.1, pp.23-30.

25

Rabbee, T. and Rafizul, I.M. (2012), “Strength and Compressibility Characteristics of Reconstituted Organic Soil at Khulna Region of Bangladesh”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.2, No.10.

26

Riedy, K.W. (2006), Primary and Secondary Compression Behavior of Florida Organic Soils, A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Civil Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science.

27

Satagata, M., Bobet, A., Johnston, C.T., and Hwang, J. (2008), “One-Dimensional Compression Behavior of a Soil with High Organic Matter Content”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol.134, No.1, pp.1-13, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:1(1).

10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:1(1)
28

Song, M. M., Zeng, L. L., and Hong, Z. S. (2017), “Pore Fluid Salinity Effects on Physicochemical-compressive Behaviour of Reconstituted Marine Clays”, Applied Clay Science, 146, pp.270-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.06.015.

10.1016/j.clay.2017.06.015
29

Yang, J.G. and Shin, H.C. (2020), “The Influence of the Dissolved Oxygen of Bottom Water on the Temporal Variation of the Benthic Polychaetous Community Structure in Dangdong Bay”, Ocean and Polar Research, Vol.42, No.3, pp.233-247, https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2020.42.3.233.

10.4217/OPR.2020.42.3.233
30

Yoon, G.L. and Kim, H.S. (2011), Engineering Utilization of Dredged Soil, CIR Publishing, p.3.

Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 41
  • No :5
  • Pages :177-187
  • Received Date : 2025-09-08
  • Revised Date : 2025-09-26
  • Accepted Date : 2025-10-04
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2025.41.5.177
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
Archives
: Vol.23~28 (2007~2012)
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close