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2025 Vol.41, Issue 5 Preview Page
Development of Design Response Spectra for the Seismic Design of Lunar Structures Based on Apollo Meteoroid Impact Records

월면 구조물 내진설계용 설계응답스펙트럼 개발: 아폴로 유성체 충돌 기록 기반

Hyung-Ik Cho1
,
Jin-Tae Han2
,
Seokjung Kim3
,
Jongkwan Kim4*
조 형익1
,
한 진태2
,
김 석중3
,
김 종관4*
1Member, Assistant Prof., Gyeongkuk National Univ.
2Member, Senior Research Fellow, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
3Member, Senior Researcher, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
4Member, Senior Researcher, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
1정회원, 국립경국대학교 조교수
2정회원, 한국건설기술연구원 선임연구위원
3정회원, 한국건설기술연구원 수석연구원
4정회원, 한국건설기술연구원 수석연구원
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2025. pp. 165-176
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Abstract

The lack of seismic design codes for moonquakes, a unique environmental hazard on the lunar surface, presents a significant engineering challenge for ensuring the long-term stability of future structures. This study aims to develop lunar design response spectra for the lunar surface through a statistical analysis based on actual moonquake records acquired during the Apollo missions. Moonquake records exhibit waveform characteristics that markedly differ from those of earthquakes, owing to strong scattering and low attenuation. However, data available for analysis are extremely limited. This study first determines the vertical design response spectra (DRS) shape and the maximum spectral acceleration level based on a broadband synthesis of short-period and mid-period vertical records to rationally estimate the horizontal lunar ground motion, which is essential for seismic design. Subsequently, the horizontal DRS is derived by calculating the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio from the mid-period seismometer records. The DRS presented in this study may serve as fundamental data for the preliminary seismic design and risk assessment of future lunar structures.

Keywords
Apollo program
Lunar design response spectrum
Lunar seismic design
Meteoroid impact
Moonquakes

Apollo program, Lunar design response spectrum, Lunar seismic design, Meteoroid impact, Moonquakes

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 41
  • No :5
  • Pages :165-176
  • Received Date : 2025-09-04
  • Revised Date : 2025-09-16
  • Accepted Date : 2025-09-16
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2025.41.5.165
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